【翻译】Wikipedia 关于物业管理的释义

物业管理是一项商业、工业和/或住宅地产相关管理活动，它是市场上的所有管理运作的组成部分之一。

角色

一个重要作用是作为业主和/或开发商及租户的联系桥梁。物业管理的职责包括收取租金，处理维修问题，为业主的房屋招租，对租户进行信用和背景调查等。作为提供服务的报酬，物业管理公司每月从业主的相应收入当中抽取一定比例的佣金。

物业管理可在物业的施工、开发、维护和保养等几个方面提供专业服务。同时物业管理也为业主和租户之间提供了面对面沟通的机会并作为二者之间的缓冲。

这一职业有许多放面的工作内容，包括对租户、承包商和保险经纪人提起诉讼。大部分的诉讼内容包括欠款，骚扰，预约服务缩减和公众滋扰。因此物业管理遵循市、州和联邦法律及惯例是必要的。

同设施管理一样，电脑辅助设施管理软件为物业管理提供了越来越多的便利。

许可

美国

大多数州要求物业管理公司持有房地产经纪人牌照，假如他们从事着收租，招租和租赁谈判的业务。一个物业管理从业人员或许是一名注册的房地产销售，但一般他们都必须拥有房地产经纪人执照。大多数州都有专门的执照在线查询系统，少数州，如华盛顿，爱达荷和缅因州，并不需要物业管理人员拥有房地产执照。

一般而言，物业管理人员从事单纯的物业管理不需要持有房地产经纪人执照。不过在康涅狄格州，经纪人的执照是必要的。而有些州，不需要房地产相关执照，而是要在经理人协会进行登记。

澳大利亚

澳大利亚不同的州对于物业管理运营有着不同的资质审核要求。一个能够正常运作的物业管理公司必须处于严格的监督之下，每一位从业人员都必须登记在册。

爱尔兰共和国

在爱尔兰共和国，没有专门的物业管理相关法规，物业管理公司一般管理着众多物业，同时遵循公司法。

在爱尔兰成立一家物业管理公司不需要进行专门的资质审核，但是自从全国物业服务管理局作为一个全国性的行业监管机构成立之后，一切便有了变化。

爱尔兰政府计划在2008年通过一项法案，用以规范物业管理市场，该法案不会授权对物业管理公司/个人进行因个体投诉而引起的调查。

全国消费者保护局于2008年9月建立了一个旨在宣传消费者权利的网站。当消费者投诉某项违反消费者权益保护法的行为时，全国消费者保护局有权制定或修正该领域的相关法规。

专业职称

国际物业业主和管理人协会（BOMI）提供了有关物业管理培训的行业标准：

不动产管理（RPA）

设备管理（FMA）

系统维护管理（SMA）

系统维护技术（SMT）

物业管理协会（IREM）

注册物业经理（CPM）

住宅物业管理认证（ARM）

物业管理组织认证（AMO）

全国住宅物业管理协会（NARPM）

职业住宅物业管理（RMP）

物业管理师（MPM）

住宅物业管理公司认证（CRMC）

认证技术支持人员（CSS）

全国公寓协会（NAA）

认证公寓物业经理（CAM）

认证公寓物业主管（CAPS）

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原文如下：

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Property_management

Property management is the operation of commercial, industrial and/or residential real estate. This is much a kin to the role of management in any business.

Roles

One important role is that of liaison between the landlord and/or the management firm operating on the landlord's behalf and tenant. Duties of property management include accepting rent, responding to and addressing maintenance issues, advertising vacancies for landlords, and doing credit and background checks on tenants. In exchange for the service they provide, property management companies charge landlords a percentage of the gross rent collected each month.

Property managers may manage construction, development, repair and maintenance on a property. Property manager relations with tenants gives a face to the landlord and provides a buffer for those landlords desiring to distance themselves from their tenant constituency.

There are many facets to this profession, including participating in or initiating litigation with tenants, contractors and insurance agencies. Litigation is at times considered a separate function, set aside for trained attorneys. Although a person will be responsible for this in his/her job description, there may be an attorney working under a property manager. Special attention is given to landlord/tenant law and most commonly evictions, non-payment, harassment, reduction of pre-arranged services, and public nuisance are legal subjects that gain the most amount of attention from property managers. Therefore, it is a necessity that a property manager be current with applicable municipal, county and state laws and practices.

Property management, like facility management, is increasingly facilitated by computer-aided facility management software

Licensing

United States

Most states require property management companies to be licensed real estate brokers if they are collecting rent, listing properties for rent or helping negotiate leases[2]. A property manager may be a licensed real estate salesperson but generally they must be working under a licensed real estate broker. Most states have a public license check system on-line for anyone holding a real estate salesperson or real estate broker's license. A few states, such as Washington, Idaho and Maine, do not require property managers to have real estate licenses.

Generally, property managers who engage in only association management need not be licensed real estate brokers. In Connecticut, however, a broker's license is required. Some states, while not requiring a real estate license, do require association managers to register with the state.

Australia

Every state of Australia has different licensing requirements. To be able to trade as property management company the company has to be licensed with a principal or licensee in charge. Each staff member of the company has to have a certificate of registration.^{[citation needed]}

Republic of Ireland

In the Republic of Ireland, there is no legal obligation to form a property management company. However, management companies are generally formed to manage multi-unit developments, and must then follow the general rules of company law in terms of ownership and administration.

No specific qualifications or licences are required to operate as a managing agent in Ireland. This is likely to change once the National Property Services Regulatory Authority is established on a statutory basis.

A Bill providing for the statutory establishment of this body is expected to be published by the Irish Government in 2008. The new authority will license and regulate managing agent services, but is not expected to have legislative power to investigate individual complaints against managing agents.

The National consumer agency (NCA) has campaigned in this area, and in September 2008 it launched a website explaining consumer rights. The NCA does not have a legislative or regulatory function in the area, unless a consumer complaint is in relation to a breach of consumer law.

Professional Designations

Building Owners & Managers Institute International (BOMI) offers industry-standard designations that certify the training associated with Property Management:

§         the Real Property Administrator (RPA)

§         the Facilities Management Administrator (FMA)

§         the Systems Maintenance Administrator (SMA)

§         the Systems Maintenance Technician (SMT)

The Institute of Real Estate Management (IREM)

§         Certified Property Manager (CPM)

§         Accredited Residential Manager (ARM)

§         Accredited Management Organization (AMO)

The National Association of Residential Property Managers (NARPM) has the following designations:

§         Residential Management Professional (RMP)

§         Master Property Manager (MPM)

§         Certified Residential Management Company (CRMC)

§         Certified Support Staff (CSS)

National Apartment Association (NAA) has the following designations:

§         Certified Apartment Manager（CAM）

§         Certified Apartment Property Supervisor (CAPS)